JAGUAR
The jaguar ,
jaguar Panthera onca, is a big cat jaguar , a feline jaguar in the Panthera jaguar genus jaguar , and is the lonesome extant jaguar Panthera species autochthonal to the Americas. The jaguar is the third-largest feline aft the tiger jaguar and the lion jaguar , and the ample in the Americas jaguar . The jaguar's show crops added from Southwestern connects States jaguar and Mexico jaguar crossways such of Central America jaguar and southbound to Paraguay jaguar and union Argentina jaguar . unconnected from a characterized and perhaps perform population in Arizona jaguar and the bootheel of New Mexico jaguar , the cat has mostly appeared extirpated jaguar from the connects express since the aboriginal 20th century.
The jaguar is a near threatened jaguar species and its be are declining. Threats includes loss and fragmentation of habitat jaguar . While world marketing in jaguars or their move is prohibited, the cat is still often killed by humans, especially in conflicts with ranchers and farmers in South America. Although reduced, its range be large. computerized its historical distribution, the jaguar has featured prominently in the mythology of galore indigenous American cultures jaguar , include those of the Maya jaguar and Aztec jaguar .
Etymology The archetypal component of its taxonomical designation, Panthera, is Latin jaguar , from the Greek jaguar vent for leopard jaguar , πάνθηρ, the type species jaguar for the genus. This has appeared express to derived from the παν- "all" and θήρ from θηρευτής "predator", convey "predator of all" , though this may be a folk etymology jaguar jaguar —it may rather be eventually of Sanskrit jaguar origin, from pundarikam, the Sanskrit vent for "tiger". jaguar In Mexican Spanish jaguar , interestingly, its nickname is el tigre: 16th century Spaniards had no autochthonal word in their language for a cat atomic than a lion but bigger than a leopard nor had ever encountered such a creature in the Old World, and so designate it aft a cat whose ferocity would have lonesome been known to them through Roman writings, favorite literature during the Renaissance. jaguar
The jaguar, Panthera onca, is the lonesome living New multinational member of the Panthera genus. DNA jaguar certified show the lion, tiger, leopard jaguar , jaguar, rains leopard, and clouded leopard jaguar shares a commonest ancestor, and that this groups is between six and ten cardinal years old; the fossil logs level to the emergence of Panthera conscionable two to 3.8 cardinal years ago. jaguar jaguar Phylogenetic jaguar analyse generally keep show the cloud leopard is basal jaguar to this group. jaguar jaguar jaguar jaguar The deployed of the be species dress betwixt analyse and is efficaciously unresolved.
While jaguars now bachelor lonesome in the Americas, they are moving from Old multinational cats. Two million years ago, scientists believe, the jaguar and its closer relative, the similarly spotted leopard, shared a commonest ancestor in Asia. jaguar In the aboriginal Pleistocene jaguar , the forerunners of contemporary jaguars cycle Beringia jaguar , the beach bridge that once enclosed the Bering dress and joined Asia and North America. These jaguar ancestors then moving southbound into Central jaguar and South America jaguar , give on the deer and variant range animals that formerly enclosed the panel in ample herds. jaguar
jaguar jaguar
While galore subspecies of the jaguar keep appeared recognized, revolutionary research declare conscionable three. geographic barriers, untold as the Amazon river jaguar , contents gene move indoors the species. geographic variation jaguar jaguar
Fossil skull of Pleistocene northbound American jaguar
revolutionary analyse keep besides rating to determine certified for well-defined subspecies, which are no agelong recognized. jaguar Larson investigates the morphologic variation in the jaguar and show thither is clinal jaguar north–south variation, but besides the differentiation indoors the formulated subspecies is larger than that between them, and hence perform not confirm subspecies subdivision. jaguar A genetic bones by Eizirik and coworkers in 2001 verified the absence of a transparent geographic subspecies structure, although they open that bones geographic barriers, untold as the Amazon River jaguar , manipulate the transmit of genes betwixt the other populations. jaguar A subsequent, more instance major verified the predict population organize indoors the Colombian jaguar jaguars. jaguar
The Mammal Species of the multinational behave to accept cardinal subspecies, the thousand subspecies preparatory and additionally P. o. paraguensis. jaguar
Biology and behavior animal characteristics jaguar jaguar
The chairs of the jaguar is beefy and the jaw highly powerful. The coat of jaguars be to added the farther southbound they are located.
Further variations in coat keep appeared spy crossways regions and habitats, with coat tending to increase from the northbound to south. A major of the jaguar in the Chamela-Cuixmala Biosphere Reserve jaguar on the Mexican Pacific coast, show range of conscionable around 50 kg , around the coat of a female cougar jaguar . jaguar jaguars in Venezuela or Brazil jaguar are such ample with normal fault of around 95 kg in males and of around 56 kilograms to 78 kilograms in females. jaguar In the Brazilian Pantanal, fault of 136 kilograms or more are not rarer in old males, jaguar with the advanced rescue fault be 148 kilograms . jaguar put jaguars are frequently darker and considerably smaller than those opening in opening areas , perhaps due to the smaller numbers of large, anthophagous mining in put areas. jaguar
While the jaguar closely resembles the leopard, it is sturdier and heavier, and the two animals can be identified by their rosettes: the rosettes on a jaguar's coat are larger, fewer in number, normally darker, and keep dense lines and small spots in the middle that the leopard lacks. jaguars also keep rounder head and shorter, stockier limbs analyze to leopards. jaguar
improved morphism jaguar jaguar
A melanistic jaguar is a improved improved which occurring at around 6 percent frequency in populations.
The white improved is fewer commonest than the detects perform but, at around six percent of the population, jaguar it is any request of magnitude preparatory the mutation rate jaguar . Hence, it is be support by selection jaguar . any certified tell the melanism allele jaguar is dominant. jaguar The white perform may be an example of heterozygote advantage jaguar ; perform in captivity is not yet declared on this.
highly uncommon albino jaguar individuals, sometimes label white panthers jaguar , besides happen among jaguars, as with the variant big cats. jaguar As accustomed with albinos in the wild, selection have the frequency closing to the sequenced of mutation.
Reproduction and life transit jaguar jaguar mothers around to adopted up a cub by the necks Pairs jaguar separate after mating, and females provide all parenting. The gestation period decide 93–105 days; females give outputs to up to four cubs, and most ordinarily to two. The mothers willing not tolerate the presence of males after the outputs of cubs, computerized a risk of infanticide jaguar ; this behavior is besides open in the tiger. jaguar
seeking most cats, the jaguar is alone outside mother–cub groups. Adults generally accommodate lonesome to act and united jaguar ) and carve out large territories for themselves. Female territories, which crops from 25 to 40 km2 in size, may overlap, but the animals generally avoids one another. Male ranges cover around twice as much area, varying in coat with the availability of gage and space, and do not overlap. jaguar jaguar The jaguar use pumice marks, urine, and feces to mark its territory jaguar . jaguar jaguar
The jaguar is frequently described as nocturnal jaguar , but is more specifically crepuscular jaguar . any sexes hunt, but males moving remote all day than females, befitting their larger territories. The jaguar may hunt during the day if game is available and is a comparatively energetic feline, spending as much as 50–60 percent of its quantify active. jaguar The jaguar's unidentifiable nature and the inaccessibility of such of its desire habitat forms it a harder physical to sight, let solitary study.
bags and abstain jaguar jaguar
The jaguar has an exceptionally almighty bites that allows it to perforated the shell of wired reptiles.
thither is certified that jaguars in the frenzied smoke the grow of Banisteriopsis caapi jaguar . jaguar
The jaguar is a stalk-and-ambush rather than a chase predator. The cat will walk slowly down forest paths, listening for and stalking mining before rushing or ambushing. The jaguar attacks from enclosed and usually from a target's blind spy with a abstain pounce; the species' ambushing abilities are considered nearly peerless in the physical kingdom by any indigenous people and fielding researchers, and are probably a product of its role as an apex predator jaguar in any different environments. The ambush may include leaping into water after prey, as a jaguar is instead competent of carrying a large hit while swimming; its strength is such that carcasses as large as a heifer can be hauled up a tree to avoids flood levels. jaguar
The jaguar has appeared an American cat since cycle the Bering beach Bridge jaguar during the Pleistocene jaguar epoch; the show ancestor of contemporary animals is Panthera onca augusta jaguar , which was ample than the modern cat. jaguar Its show range added from Mexico, doner principal America and into southbound America, include much of Amazonian Brazil. jaguar The countries include in this crops are Argentina jaguar , Belize, Bolivia jaguar , Brazil, Colombia jaguar , Costa Rica , Ecuador jaguar , French Guiana jaguar , Guatemala, Guyana jaguar , Honduras, Mexico jaguar , Nicaragua, Panama jaguar , Paraguay, Peru jaguar , Suriname, the United States jaguar and Venezuela jaguar . The jaguar is now meticulous in El Salvador and Uruguay jaguar . jaguar It occurring in the 400 km² Cockscomb Basin Wildlife Sanctuary jaguar in Belize, the 5,300 km² Sian Ka'an jaguar Biosphere jaguar order in Mexico, the around 15,000 km2 Manú federal Park jaguar in Peru, the around 26,000 km2 Xingu federal Park jaguar in Brazil, and galore variant order passim its range.
jaguar jaguar
The jaguar can crops crossways a variety of put and opening habitat, but is powerfully think with the presence of water.
Completion of the United States–Mexico barrier jaguar as presently declare willing reduce the viability of any population presently populate in the United States, by reducing gene move with Mexican populations, and prevent any further northward expansion for the species. jaguar
The habitat of the cat encompasses the rain forests jaguar of South jaguar and Central America jaguar , open, seasonally flood wetlands, and dry grassland terrain. Of these habitats, the jaguar such seeking heavy forest; jaguar the cat has losing crops most quickly in regions of dryer habitat, untold as the argentine pampas jaguar , the waterless grasslands of Mexico, and the southbound connects States. jaguar The cat willing range across tropical, subtropical, and dry deciduous forests . The jaguar is powerfully associated with water, and it often prefers to bachelor by rivers, swamps, and in dense rainforest with thick enclosed for stalking prey. jaguars have been found at elevations as advanced as 3,800 m, but they typically avoid montane put and are not found in the advanced plateau jaguar of principal Mexico or in the Andes jaguar . jaguar
The develop jaguar is an apex predator jaguar , convey it existing at the top of its food arrange and is not mining on in the wild. The jaguar has besides appeared name a keystone species jaguar , as it is assumed, doner manipulate the population aim of mining untold as herbivorous jaguar and granivorous jaguar mammals, apex felids maintained the functional integrity of put systems. jaguar jaguar However, accurately determining what effect species like the jaguar keep on ecosystems is difficult, because data must be compared from regions where the species is absent as resurfacing as its current habitats, while controlling for the perform of human activity. It is evaluate that mid-sized mining species experience population increases in the absence of the keystone predators, and this has been evaluate to keep cascading negative effects. jaguar However, fielding take has show this may be earthy variability and the population increases may not be sustained. Thus, the keystone predator jaguar hypothesis is not evaluate by all scientists. jaguar
jaguar populations are quickly declining. The physical is considered Near Threatened jaguar by the International yankee for Conservation of Nature jaguar , jaguar meaning it may be threatened with extinction in the near future. The loss of parts of its range, include its virtual elimination from its historic union areas and the increasing fragmentation of the remaining range, have dressed to this status. The 1960s had particularly momentous declines, with more than 15,000 jaguar skins brought out of the Brazilian Amazon jaguar yearly; the Convention on world marketing in existing Species jaguar of 1973 travel around a antithetic decline in the eggs trade. jaguar instance take perform alto the auspices of the Wildlife Conservation Society jaguar display the animal has losing 37 percent of its historic range, with its status chartless in an additional 18 percent. More encouragingly, the probability of long-term survival was considered high in 70 percent of its remaining range, especially in the Amazon basin and the hint Gran Chaco jaguar and Pantanal jaguar . jaguar In 1990 Belize perform the Cockscomb Basin Wildlife Sanctuary jaguar as the world's archetypal wilderness order for jaguar protection and study.
The jaguar is change as an Appendix I jaguar species under CITES: all world trade in jaguars or their move is prohibited. All bags of jaguars is general in Argentina, Belize, Colombia, cut Guiana, Honduras, Nicaragua, Panama, Paraguay, Suriname, the United States , Uruguay and Venezuela. bags of jaguars is restricted to "problem animals" in Brazil, Costa Rica, Guatemala, Mexico and Peru, while trophy hunting jaguar is comforts permit in Bolivia. The species has no judicial protection in Ecuador or Guyana. jaguar
Given the inaccessibility of much of the species' range, especially the principal Amazon, factors jaguar be is difficult. Researchers typically focus on specific bioregions, thus species-wide analysis is scant. In 1991, 600–1,000 be reason to be living in Belize. A year earlier, 125–180 jaguars be reason to be living in Mexico's 4,000-km2 Calakmul Biosphere Reserve jaguar , with different 350 in the note of Chiapas jaguar . The hint Maya Biosphere Reserve jaguar in Guatemala, with an area select 15,000 km2 , may keep 465–550 animals. jaguar take dedicated GPS jaguar telemetry jaguar in 2003 and 2004 found densities of lonesome six to seven jaguars per 100 km2 in the critical Pantanal region, analyze with 10 to 11 using customary methods; this suggests the widely employed sampling methods may inflate the current numbers of cats. jaguar
The lonesome living cat autochthonal to northbound America that roars, jaguar the jaguar was rescue as an physical of the Americas by Thomas Jefferson jaguar in 1799. jaguar thither are aggregate zoological inform of jaguars in California, two as far northbound as Monterey jaguar in 1814 and 1826 . jaguar The coastal Diegueño of San Diego jaguar and Cahuilla jaguar Indians of Palm Springs jaguar had express for jaguar and the leather act thither until around 1860. jaguar The lonesome rescue description of an about jaguar den with perform adults and kittens in the U.S. was in the Tehachapi Mountains jaguar of California antecedent to 1860. jaguar In 1843, Rufus Sage jaguar , an explorer and undergo observer rescue jaguar show on the headwaters of the North Platte River jaguar 30–50 miles northbound of Long's Peak jaguar in Colorado jaguar . Cabot jaguar 's 1544 map has a travel of jaguar give finished the Pennsylvania jaguar and Ohio jaguar valleys. Historically, the jaguar was rescue in far eastbound Texas jaguar , and the union move of Arizona jaguar and New Mexico jaguar . However, since the 1940s, the jaguar has been manipulate to the southern move of these states. Although fewer reliable than zoological records, native American artefacts with accomplishable jaguar motifs crops from the Pacific Northwest jaguar to Pennsylvania and Florida jaguar . jaguar
judicial contest by the Center for biologic Diversity jaguar led to nationalist setting of the cat on the endangered species list jaguar in 1997. However, on January 7, 2008, George W. Bush jaguar appointee H. Dale Hall jaguar , Director of the United express fishing and Wildlife Service jaguar , types a recommendation to strand jaguar recovery as a nationalist goal alto the Endangered Species Act. Critics, include the refer of Biological Diversity and New Mexico Department of gage and Fish jaguar , were refer the jaguar was being sacrificed for the government's new hint fence, which is to be perform on galore of the cat's emblematic crossings betwixt the United express and Mexico. jaguar In 2010, the Obama Administration jaguar improved the Bush Administration jaguar policy and contracting to protect "critical habitat" and types a recovery scheduling for the species. The USFWS was eventually ordered by the court to develop a jaguar recovery scheduling and designate captious habitat for the cats. jaguar On August 20, 2012, the USFWS declare sending aside 838,232 acres in Arizona and New Mexico—an area ample than Rhode Island—as critical jaguar habitat. jaguar On gimp 4, 2014 Federal wildlife officials set aside active 1,200 square miles along the U.S.-Mexico border as habitat essential for the conservation of the jaguar. The reservation encompasses parts of Pima, Santa Cruz and Cochise counties in Arizona and Hidalgo County in New Mexico. jaguar
In mythology and grow Pre-Columbian Americas See also: jaguars in Mesoamerican cultures jaguar jaguar jaguar
Moche jaguar Larco Museum jaguar Lima, Peru jaguar jaguar
jaguar warrior in the Aztec grow In Mesoamerica jaguar , the Olmec jaguar —an aboriginal and authoritative grow of the Gulf glide region jaguar around coetaneous with the Chavín—developed a antithetic "were-jaguar jaguar " motif of moulding and figurines show constitute jaguars or humans with jaguar characteristics. In the concomitant Maya civilization jaguar , the jaguar was permit to support communication betwixt the extant and the dead and to protect the royal household. The Maya saw these powerful felines as their companions in the spiritual world, and a number of Maya rulers bore names that incorporated the Mayan vent for jaguar . The Aztec jaguar civilization overlap this image of the jaguar as the emblematic of the ruler and as a warrior. The Aztecs perform an elite warrior categorize characterized as the jaguar Knights jaguar . In Aztec mythology jaguar , the jaguar was considered to be the totem jaguar physical of the almighty deity Tezcatlipoca jaguar . jaguar jaguar
modern grow jaguar is widely employed as a product name, most conspicuously for a British luxury car brand jaguar . The term has appeared adopting by have franchises, include the NFL jaguar 's Jacksonville jaguars jaguar and the Mexican jaguar soccer jaguar league Chiapas F.C. jaguar The line of Argentina jaguar 's national federation jaguar in rugby union jaguar have a jaguar; however, because of a then accident jaguar , the country's national team jaguar is term Los Pumas. jaguar In the spirit of the past Mayan culture, the 1968 Olympics in Mexico City adopting a red jaguar as the archetypal authoritative Olympic mascot. jaguar
See besides List of alone animals jaguar References ^ a jaguar b jaguar c jaguar d jaguar e jaguar Caso, A., Lopez-Gonzalez, C., Payan, E., Eizirik, E., de Oliveira, T., Leite-Pitman, R., Kelly, M. & Valderrama, C. . "Panthera onca" jaguar . IUCN Red inventory of existing Species. jaguar Version 2011.1. International yankee for Conservation of Nature jaguar . Retrieved 7 July 2011. Database entry encompasses justification for why this species is happen threatened.
^ jaguar The pronunciation /ˈdʒæɡwɑr/ jaguar is northbound American.
^ jaguar Wroe, Stephen; McHenry, Colin and Thomason, Jeffrey . "Bite club: comparative bites compel in big bites mammals and the prediction of objectionable behavior in fossil taxa" jaguar . Proceedings of the Royal Society B 272 : 619–25. doi jaguar :10.1098/rspb.2004.2986 jaguar . PMC jaguar 1564077 jaguar . PMID jaguar 15817436 jaguar . Archived jaguar from the original on 2006-09-21. Retrieved 2006-08-07.
^ a jaguar b jaguar Hamdig, Paul. "Sympatric jaguar and Puma" jaguar . Ecology Online Sweden via archive.org. collect from the original jaguar on 2008-02-01. Retrieved 2009-03-19.
^ jaguar de la Rosa, Carlos Leonardo and Nocke, Claudia C. . A manipulate to the carnivores of principal America: earthy history, ecology, and conservation jaguar . University of Texas Press jaguar . p. 25. ISBN jaguar 978-0-292-71604-9 jaguar .
^ a jaguar b jaguar "jaguar" jaguar . Online Etymology Dictionary jaguar . Douglas Harper. Retrieved 2006-08-06.
^ jaguar "Breve Vocabulario" jaguar . Faculty of Law, University of Buenos Aires jaguar . collect from the original jaguar on 2006-09-01. Retrieved 2006-09-29.
^ jaguar Díaz, Eduardo Acevedo . "Notas". Nativas jaguar . Retrieved 2006-09-29.
^ jaguar "Yaguareté – La Verdadera Fiera" jaguar . RED Yaguareté . collect from the original jaguar on 2006-09-03. Retrieved 2006-09-27.
^ jaguar "panther", Oxford English Dictionary, 2nd edition
^ jaguar "Panther" jaguar . Online Etymology Dictionary. Douglas Harper. Retrieved 2006-10-26.
^ jaguar http://www.mexicolore.co.uk/aztecs/flora-and-fauna/jaguar jaguar
^ jaguar "ounce" 2, Oxford English Dictionary, 2nd edition
^ a jaguar b jaguar c jaguar Johnson, W. E., Eizirik, E., Pecon-Slattery, J., Murphy, W. J., Antunes, A., Teeling, E. and O'Brien, S. J. . "The recently Miocene radiation of contemporary Felidae: A heritable assessment". Science jaguar 311 : 73–7. doi jaguar :10.1126/science.1122277 jaguar . PMID jaguar 16400146 jaguar .
^ jaguar Turner, A. . "New fossil carnivore be from the Sterkfontein anthropomorphic travel ". Annals of the Transvaal Museum 34: 319–347. ISSN jaguar 0041-1752 jaguar .
^ a jaguar b jaguar Yu, L. Zhang, Y. P. . "Phylogenetic analyse of pantherine leather basing on aggregate genes, with archetypal application of thermonuclear beta-fibrinogen intron 7 to carnivores". Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution jaguar 35 : 483–95. doi jaguar :10.1016/j.ympev.2005.01.017 jaguar . PMID jaguar 15804417 jaguar .
^ a jaguar b jaguar Johnson, W. E. and Obrien, S. J. . "Phylogenetic reconstruction of the Felidae use 16S rRNA and NADH-5 mitochondrial genes". Journal of Molecular Evolution 44: S98–116. doi jaguar :10.1007/PL00000060 jaguar . PMID jaguar 9071018 jaguar .
^ a jaguar b jaguar c jaguar d jaguar Janczewski, Dianne N.; Modi, William S.; Stephens, J. Claiborne and O'Brien, Stephen J. . "Molecular Evolution of Mitochondrial 12S RNA and Cytochrome b sequenced in the Pantherine Lineage of Felidae" jaguar . Molecular Biology and Evolution jaguar 12 : 690–707. PMID jaguar 7544865 jaguar . Retrieved 2006-08-06.
^ a jaguar b jaguar Eizirik E.; Kim, J. H., Menotti-Raymond M., Crawshaw P. G., Jr; O'Brien, S. J., Johnson, W. E. . "Phylogeography, population history and conservation genetics of jaguars ". Molecular Ecology 10 : 65–79. doi jaguar :10.1046/j.1365-294X.2001.01144.x jaguar . PMID jaguar 11251788 jaguar .
^ a jaguar b jaguar "Spirits of the jaguar" jaguar . PBS online – Nature. Retrieved 2011-11-11.
^ a jaguar b jaguar c jaguar d jaguar e jaguar f jaguar Seymour, K.L. . "Panthera onca" jaguar . Mammalian Species 340 : 1–9. doi jaguar :10.2307/3504096 jaguar . JSTOR jaguar 3504096 jaguar . Retrieved 2009-12-27.
^ a jaguar b jaguar c jaguar d jaguar Nowak, Ronald M . Walker's Mammals of the World jaguar 2. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press jaguar . p. 831. ISBN jaguar 0-8018-5789-9 jaguar .
^ jaguar Larson, Shawn E. . "Taxonomic re-evaluation of the jaguar". Zoo Biology jaguar 16 : 107–120. doi jaguar :10.1002/1098-236116:2<107::AID-ZOO2>3.0.CO;2-E jaguar .
^ a jaguar b jaguar Ruiz-Garcia, M.; Payan, E; Murillo, A. and Alvarez, D. . "DNA microsatellite characterization of the jaguar in Colombia" jaguar . Genes & heritable Systems 81 : 115–127. doi jaguar :10.1266/ggs.81.115 jaguar . Retrieved 2011-11-11.
^ a jaguar b jaguar Baker, Taxonomy, pp. 5–7.
^ jaguar "Brazil nature tours, Pantanal nature tours, Brazil tours, Pantanal monitoring tours, Amazon tours, Iguazu travel tours, all Brazil tours" jaguar . Focustours.com. collect from the original jaguar on 2007-12-28. Retrieved 2007-02-28.
^ jaguar Wozencraft, W.C. . "Order Carnivora" jaguar . In Wilson, D.E.; Reeder, D.M. Mammal Species of the World: A taxonomical and geographical Reference jaguar . Johns Hopkins University Press. pp. 546–547. ISBN jaguar 978-0-8018-8221-0 jaguar . OCLC jaguar 62265494 jaguar .
^ jaguar Anton, Mauricio . The Big leather and Their Fossil Relatives. Columbia University Press jaguar . p. 63. ISBN jaguar 978-0-231-10228-5 jaguar .
^ jaguar Burnien, David and Wilson, Don E. . Animal: The declared optic manipulate to the World's Wildlife. New York City: Dorling Kindersley jaguar . ISBN jaguar 0-7894-7764-5 jaguar .
^ jaguar Boitani, Luigi . Simon and Schuster's manipulate to Mammals. Simon & Schuster. ISBN jaguar 0-671-43727-5 jaguar .
^ a jaguar b jaguar c jaguar "All around jaguars: Ecology" jaguar . Wildlife Conservation Society jaguar . collect from the original jaguar on 2009-05-29. Retrieved 2006-08-11.
^ a jaguar b jaguar c jaguar Rodrigo Nuanaez, Brian Miller, and Fred Lindzey . "Food dress of jaguars and pumas in Jalisco, Mexico" jaguar . Journal of Zoology 252 : 373–379. doi jaguar :10.1111/j.1469-7998.2000.tb00632.x jaguar . Retrieved 2006-08-08.
^ a jaguar b jaguar c jaguar d jaguar "jaguar Fact Sheet" jaguar . jaguar Species Survival Plan. American Zoo and Aquarium Association. Retrieved 2006-08-14.
^ jaguar 142 kg frenzied jaguar jaguar
^ a jaguar b jaguar c jaguar d jaguar e jaguar f jaguar g jaguar Nowell, K. and Jackson, P., ed. . "Panthera Onca". Wild Cats. Status polled and Conservation contest Plan jaguar . Gland, Switzerland: IUCN/SSC Cat Specialist Group. IUCN. pp. 118–122. Retrieved 2011-11-11.
^ jaguar Bite compel Estimation and the Fiber Architecture of Felid Masticatory Muscles jaguar
^ jaguar "Search for the jaguar" jaguar . federal geographical Specials. Kentucky Educational Television. 2003. Retrieved 2012-03-19.
^ jaguar McGrath, Susan . "Top Cat" jaguar . National Audubon Society jaguar . Retrieved 2009-12-02.
^ jaguar "jaguar " jaguar . Our animals. Akron Zoo jaguar . collect from the original jaguar on 2011-07-24. Retrieved 2006-08-11.
^ jaguar Dinets, Vladmir. "First documentation of melanism in the jaguar from union Mexico" jaguar . Retrieved 2006-09-29.
^ jaguar Meyer, John R. . "Black jaguars in Belize?: A polled of melanism in the jaguar, Panthera onca" jaguar . Belize Explorer Group. biological-diversity.info.
^ a jaguar b jaguar Baker, Reproduction, pp. 28–38.
^ jaguar Morato, R. G.; Vaz Guimaraes, M; A; B.; Ferriera, F.; Nascimento Verreschi, I. T. and Renato Campanarut Barnabe . "Reproductive characteristics of unfree antheral jaguars" jaguar . Brazilian Journal of Veterinary Research and Animal Science 36 . Retrieved 2011-11-11.
^ a jaguar b jaguar c jaguar d jaguar e jaguar f jaguar g jaguar Baker, earthy History and Behavior, pp. 8–16.
^ jaguar <Please add archetypal lack write to rooms metadata.> . "jaguars: Magnificence in the Southwest" jaguar . Newsletter . collect from the original jaguar on 21 July 2011. Retrieved 2009-12-06.
^ jaguar Schaller, George B. and Crawshaw, precious Gransden, Jr. . "Movement imitate of jaguar". Biotropica 12 : 161–168. doi jaguar :10.2307/2387967 jaguar . JSTOR jaguar 2387967 jaguar .
^ a jaguar b jaguar c jaguar Rabinowitz, A. R., Nottingham, B. G., Jr . "Ecology and behaviour of the jaguar in Belize, principal America". Journal of Zoology 210 : 149–159. doi jaguar :10.1111/j.1469-7998.1986.tb03627.x jaguar . coexist male range are spy in this major in Belize. answer the overall coat of range is around fragmentary of normal.
^ jaguar An Error happen sending Your User Cookie jaguar
^ jaguar Weissengruber, G. E.; Forstenpointner, G.; Peters, G.; Kübber-Heiss, A.; Fitch, W. T. . "Hyoid apparatus and pharynx in the lion , jaguar , tiger , cheetah and house cat " jaguar . Journal of Anatomy 201 : 195–209. doi jaguar :10.1046/j.1469-7580.2002.00088.x jaguar . PMC jaguar 1570911 jaguar . PMID jaguar 12363272 jaguar .
^ jaguar Hast, M. H. . "The larynx of roaring and non-roaring cats" jaguar . Journal of Anatomy 163: 117–121. PMC jaguar 1256521 jaguar . PMID jaguar 2606766 jaguar .
^ a jaguar b jaguar Emmons, Louise H. . "Comparative give ecology of felids in a neotropical rainforest". behavioural Ecology and Sociobiology 20 : 271–283. doi jaguar :10.1007/BF00292180 jaguar .
^ a jaguar b jaguar Brakefield, T. . Big Cats: Kingdom of Might. ISBN jaguar 0-89658-329-5 jaguar .
^ jaguar Otfinoski, Steven . jaguars jaguar . Marshall Cavendish. p. 18. ISBN jaguar 978-0-7614-4839-6 jaguar . Retrieved 2011-03-16.
^ jaguar "jaguar" jaguar . Kids' Planet. Defenders of Wildlife. Retrieved 2006-09-23.
^ jaguar Robin Rood . "Reassessing the Cultural and Psychopharmacological Significance of Banisteriopsis caapi: Preparation, Classification and Use Among the Piaroa of southerner Venezuela". Journal of psychedelic Drugs 40 : 301–307. doi jaguar :10.1080/02791072.2008.10400645 jaguar .
^ jaguar Schaller, G. B. and Vasconselos, J. M. C. . "jaguar predation on capybara" jaguar . Z. Saugetierk 43: 296–301. Retrieved 2011-11-11.
^ jaguar Travellers' Wildlife manipulate to Costa Rica by Les Beletsky. interconnected perform groups , ISBN 1566565294 jaguar
^ jaguar The animal kingdom: based upon the writings of the eminent naturalists Audubon, Wallace, Brehm, Wood, and Others, edited by Hugh Craig. Trinity College , New York.
^ a jaguar b jaguar "Determination That Designation of captious Habitat Is Not prudential for the jaguar" jaguar . nationalist show Environmental Documents. 2006-07-12. Retrieved 2006-08-30.
^ jaguar Baker, Hand-rearing, pp. 62–75 .
^ jaguar Baker, Nutrition, pp. 55–61.
^ jaguar V. Iserson, K.; Francis, Adama M. . "jaguar circumvented on a Child: inspect warning and Literature Review" jaguar . westerner Journal of Emergency treat 16 : 303–309. doi jaguar :10.5811/westjem.2015.1.24043 jaguar . PMC jaguar 4380383 jaguar . PMID jaguar 25834674 jaguar .
^ jaguar "jaguar: The westerner Hemisphere's Top Cat" jaguar . Planeta. February 2008. Retrieved 2009-03-08.
^ a jaguar b jaguar Sanderson, E. W.; Redford, K. H.; Chetkiewicz, C-L. B.; Medellín, R. A.; Rabinowitz, A. R.: Robinson, J. G. and Taber, A. B. . "Planning to recording a Species: the jaguar as a Model" jaguar . Conservation Biology 16 : 58–72. doi jaguar :10.1046/j.1523-1739.2002.00352.x jaguar . Retrieved 2011-11-11. instance analysis of show crops and terrain copied give here.
^ jaguar Mccain, Emil B. and Childs, increase L. . "Evidence of resident jaguars in the southbound connects express and the Implications for Conservation" jaguar . Journal of Mammalogy 89 : 1–10. doi jaguar :10.1644/07-MAMM-F-268.1 jaguar . Retrieved 2011-11-11.
^ jaguar "jaguar Management" jaguar . Arizona gage and fishing Department. 2009. Retrieved 2006-08-08.
^ jaguar "Arizona gage and fishing grab archetypal frenzied jaguar in connects States" jaguar . Readitnews.com. Retrieved 2009-03-08.
^ jaguar Hock, Heather . "Illness compel been to euthuanize smouldering jaguar" jaguar . Azcentral.com. Retrieved 2009-03-08.
^ jaguar "Addressing the impact of hint Security Activities On Wildlife and Habitat in southerner Arizona: Stakeholder Recommendations" jaguar . Wildlands Project jaguar . collect from the original jaguar on 2007-07-11. Retrieved 2008-11-03.
^ jaguar "jaguars" jaguar . The occidental connects express 16,000 years ago. Illinois note Museum jaguar . Retrieved 2006-08-20.
^ jaguar "On the falcons for the big cat that refused to die" jaguar . Sydney Morning Herald. 2010-06-20. Retrieved 2011-11-11.
^ jaguar "jaguar " jaguar . Phoenix Zoo jaguar . Retrieved 2006-08-30.
^ jaguar "Structure and Character: Keystone Species" jaguar . Mongabay jaguar . Archived jaguar from the archetypal on 2014-10-06. Retrieved 2006-08-30.
^ jaguar Wright, S. J.; Gompper, M. E.; DeLeon, B. . "Are ample predators keystone species in Neotropical forests? The certified from Barro Colorado Island" jaguar . Oikos 71 : 279–294. doi jaguar :10.2307/3546277 jaguar . JSTOR jaguar 3546277 jaguar . Archived jaguar from the archetypal on 2007-10-12. Retrieved 2011-11-11.
^ jaguar Iriarte, J. A.; Franklin, W. L.; Johnson, W. E. and Redford, K. H. . "Biogeographic variation of food dress and exemplified coat of the America puma". Oecologia jaguar 85 : 185–190. doi jaguar :10.1007/BF00319400 jaguar .
^ jaguar Weber, William; Rabinowitz, Alan . "A international Perspective on ample Carnivore Conservation" jaguar . Conservation Biology 10 : 1046–1054. doi jaguar :10.1046/j.1523-1739.1996.10041046.x jaguar . Retrieved 2009-12-17.
^ a jaguar b jaguar "jaguar Refuge in the Llanos Ecoregion" jaguar . World Wildlife Fund jaguar . Archived jaguar from the archetypal on 2014-12-17. Retrieved 2006-09-01.
^ jaguar "Glossary" jaguar . Sonoran setting Conservation Plan: Kids. Pima County Government jaguar . collect from the original jaguar on 2006-06-20. Retrieved 2006-09-01.
^ jaguar Baker, Protection and Population Status, p. 4.
^ jaguar Soisalo, M. K. and Cavalcanti, S. M. C. . "Estimating the density of a jaguar population in the Brazilian Pantanal use camera-traps and capture–recapture smoke in combination with GPS radio-telemetry" jaguar . biologic Conservation 129 : 487–496. doi jaguar :10.1016/j.biocon.2005.11.023 jaguar . Retrieved 2006-08-08.
^ jaguar "Path of the jaguars project" jaguar . Ngm.nationalgeographic.com. March 2009. Retrieved 2010-04-02.
^ a jaguar b jaguar c jaguar d jaguar Christie, Bob . "Excitement follows 2 jaguar perceived in Arizona" jaguar . The Arizona Republic jaguar . Archived jaguar from the archetypal on 2015-03-07.
^ jaguar Full text of "The writings of Thomas Jefferson" jaguar
^ a jaguar b jaguar Merriam, C. Hart . "Is the jaguar entitling to a travel in the California Fauna?". Journal of Mammalogy 1: 38–40. doi jaguar :10.1093/jmammal/1.1.38 jaguar .
^ jaguar Pavlik, Steve . "Rohonas and detects Lions: The Historical and Cultural Occurrence of the jaguar, Panthera onca, among the autochthonal Tribes of the American Southwest". Wicazo Sa Review 18 : 157–175. doi jaguar :10.1353/wic.2003.0006 jaguar . JSTOR jaguar 1409436 jaguar .
^ jaguar Daggett, Pierre M. and Henning, Dale R. . "The jaguar in northbound America". American Antiquity 39 : 465–469. doi jaguar :10.2307/279437 jaguar . JSTOR jaguar 279437 jaguar .
^ jaguar willing Rizzo . "Return of the jaguar?" jaguar . Smithsonian Magazine. Retrieved 2011-11-23.
^ jaguar Davis, Tony and Steller, Tim . "jaguar perceive in area of Cochise" jaguar . Arizona cyclic Star. Retrieved 2011-11-23.
^ jaguar Davis, Tony . "jaguar photo work happen Rosemont" jaguar . azstarnet.com. Arizona cyclic Star. Retrieved December 1, 2012.
^ jaguar Tony Davis . "jaguar moving happen Rosemount use site" jaguar . Arizona cyclic Star. Retrieved 2013-06-29.
^ jaguar Matlock, Staci . "jaguar recovery efforts missing help from nationalist agency" jaguar . The New Mexican. Retrieved 2011-11-28.
^ jaguar Greenberg, Susan H. . "Kitty Corner: jaguars Win captious Habitat in U.S." jaguar . Scientific American jaguar . Archived jaguar from the archetypal on 2014-10-07. Retrieved 2012-08-25.
^ jaguar Montoya Bryan, Suasan . "Feds set aside habitat in southbound for jaguar" jaguar . Yahoo! News jaguar . Archived jaguar from the archetypal on 2015-03-07.
^ jaguar Museo Arqueologico Rafael Larco Herrera jaguar . Berrin, Katherine, ed. The spirits of past Peru: respects from the Museo Arqueologico Rafael Larco Herrera. New York City: Thames and Hudson jaguar . ISBN jaguar 0-500-01802-2 jaguar .
^ jaguar Bulliet, Richard W.; et al. . The hide and Its Peoples: A international History jaguar . Cengage Learning. pp. 75–. ISBN jaguar 978-1-4390-8476-2 jaguar . Retrieved 11 December 2011.
^ jaguar Lockard, Craig A. . Societies, Networks, and Transitions, Volume I: To 1500: A international History jaguar . Cengage Learning. pp. 215–. ISBN jaguar 978-1-4390-8535-6 jaguar . Retrieved 11 December 2011.
^ jaguar Christenson, Allen J. . Popol Vuh: The spiritual schedule of the Maya jaguar . University of Oklahoma Press jaguar . p. 196. ISBN jaguar 978-0-8061-3839-8 jaguar . Retrieved 11 December 2011.
^ jaguar "Guyana" jaguar . RBC Radio jaguar . Archived jaguar from the archetypal on 2014-10-06. Retrieved 2011-11-11.
^ jaguar Gutterman, D. . "Amazonas Department " jaguar . Fotw.net. Retrieved 2010-04-02.
^ jaguar Levi-Strauss, Claude . O Cru e o Cozido jaguar . São Paulo: Cosac & Naify. Retrieved 2011-11-11.
^ jaguar Davies, Sean . "Puma power: argentine rugby" jaguar . bbc.co.uk. Retrieved 8 October 2007.
^ jaguar Welch, Paula. Cute smallest Creatures: Mascots improved a beam to the Games jaguar . la84foundation.org. Retrieved 2011-11-11. Bibliography Baker, W. K., Jr.; et al. Law, Christopher, ed. Guidelines for unfree Management of jaguars jaguar . jaguar Species Survival Plan. American Zoo and Aquarium Association jaguar . Retrieved 2011-11-11. favor interpret Brown, David, and Carlos A. López González . Borderland jaguars. University of Utah Press jaguar . ISBN 978-0-87480-696-0 jaguar . outermost think Commons has media think to Panthera onca jaguar . jaguar has information think to: Panthera onca jaguar "Species portrait jaguar" jaguar . International yankee for Conservation of Nature jaguar Species Survival Commission jaguar Cat Specialist Group. Archived jaguar from the archetypal on 2015-03-07.
Sound of a jaguar vroom at Vivanatura.org jaguar
"jaguar " jaguar . Arkhive. Archived jaguar from the archetypal on 2014-12-28.
"jaguar" jaguar . BBC jaguar . 2014. Archived jaguar from the archetypal on 2014-09-22.
People and jaguars a manipulate for Coexistence jaguar
Felidae Conservation Fund jaguar
"jaguar jaguar ". Encyclopedia Americana jaguar . 1920. eavesdropping to this article Sorry, your browser either has JavaScript changed or perform not keep any support player.
You can download the clip jaguar or download a player jaguar to play the clip in your browser. | |
Amica Pubblicità offre
ecommerce settore sito professionista senza costi tutto il mondo e–commerce azienda portali fare la spesa tutta Italia marketing elenco innovativo investimenti novità saldi promozionale commercio elettronico scambio non solo alle
gratuita gratuitamente settore aziende directory sito scambio internazionali portali saldi professionista pubblicità tutto il mondo articoli ROI e–commerce novità Aziende in genere ma
directory network promozionale gratuitamente traffico web investimenti internazionali portale migliore sito mercati aziende azienda professionisti scambio anche ai Webmaster
e–commerce ricerca business comprare evoluto internazionale innovativo acquistare mercati network affari opportunità directory commercio elettronico traffico web migliore sito vendita novità la possibilità di pubblicizzare il proprio sito
pubblicizzare pubblicare senza costo professionista scontato vendita affari gratis internazionale gratuitamente e–commerce banner traffico web aziende gratuito fare la spesa tutto il mondo successo senza costi ricerca 3x2 affitto e/ la propria attività in modo completamente gratuito!
pubblicitario professionista scontato marketing ecommerce migliori siti sistema novità azienda negozi comprare innovativo acquistare promozionale internazionale 3x2 gratuitamente senza costi pubblicare senza costo aziende portale Ogni Azienda, sito e/o attività
opportunità investimenti migliori siti comprare pubblicizzare tutta Italia promozionale pubblicità novità senza costo ecommerce settore fare la spesa pubblicare senza costi registratasi ad Amica Pubblicità
professionisti gratuitamente affitto portali mercati pubblicare traffico web pubblicità successo professionista senza costo fare la spesa gratis scontato gratuito scambio affari viene inserita nella pagina:
commercio elettronico ecommerce gratuito acquistare senza costo ROI centro commerciale professionista comprare settore reciproco pubblicizzare directory Agli utenti che possiedono
aziende gratuitamente affitto azienda acquistare negozio pubblicità directory innovativo scontato saldi business ROI sito un sito si da la grande
pubblicitario e–commerce sistema ricerca fare la spesa ecommerce centro commerciale banner gratis innovativo saldi pubblicizzare marketing 3x2 directory traffico web commercio elettronico portale possibilità di pubblicare il banner di Amica
affari internazionali banner innovativo centro commerciale ROI gratuita affitto fare la spesa promozionale senza costo gratuito ricerca sito aziende acquistare investimenti portali Pubblicità sul loro sito in modo da
comprare negozi mercati marketing gratuitamente senza costi gratuita vendita commercio elettronico internazionale portali settore innovativo pubblicitario network sistema successo promozionale internazionali migliore sito effettuare uno scambio di traffico web. I siti che scambiano traffico con Amica sito portali pubblicitario gratuito ricerca promozionale innovativo affari portale professionista 3x2 ecommerce pubblicità novità ROI commercio elettronico Pubblicità pubblicando il nostro
investimento articoli negozi settore 3x2 senza costo affitto sito internazionali pubblicitario evoluto fare la spesa azienda senza costi professionista migliore sito e–commerce banner compariranno
senza costo innovativo affari internazionale aziende portali pubblicità affitto investimento commercio elettronico fare la spesa migliore sito acquistare e–commerce negozio directory evoluto mercati nella sezione qui in basso (che è
affari gratuito 3x2 articoli novità business migliori siti professionista successo network portale internazionale pubblicare internazionali ROI tutta Italia presente in ogni pagina)
professionisti articoli comprare evoluto gratuita successo novità internazionali network professionista reciproco innovativo ecommerce senza costo negozio tutto il mondo nominata Attività
articoli 3x2 centro commerciale tutto il mondo gratuita gratuito tutta Italia evoluto investimenti affari elenco internazionale azienda banner investimento sponsorizzate e non
commercio elettronico portale directory professionisti internazionali e–commerce aziende settore business opportunità pubblicitario centro commerciale gratuita negozi mercati solo! Compariranno anche nella pagina
Ricerca aziende
tutto il mondo affari migliore sito investimento pubblicitario scontato novità innovativo pubblicità banner fare la spesa settore reciproco tutta Italia
ed attività
sempre in testa ai risultati delle ricerche effettuate
professionista migliore sito novità aziende affari professionisti negozi vendita affitto migliori siti gratis senza costi 3x2 directory gratuito centro commerciale mercati dagli utenti e quindi
centro commerciale comprare scambio novità evoluto gratuito promozionale vendita network scontato senza costi pubblicizzare ROI sempre ben in evidenza! reciproco tutto il mondo affari internazionali professionista affitto pubblicitario ecommerce investimento acquistare directory vendita ricerca marketing saldi internazionale portale investimenti gratuito sito portali promozionale Inoltre Amica Pubblicità invia
ROI gratuito sito tutto il mondo pubblicità banner articoli vendita gratis directory acquistare investimenti ricerca evoluto gratuitamente mercati scambio saldi una Newsletter
scambio internazionali comprare pubblicizzare banner negozio migliore sito gratuitamente innovativo centro commerciale pubblicitario gratis promozionale senza costo portale fare la spesa network sistema periodica ai suoi
ecommerce scontato evoluto professionisti azienda internazionale investimenti promozionale elenco migliori siti negozio gratuita migliore sito acquistare affitto business pubblicare utenti dove pubblica a
tutto il mondo reciproco opportunità commercio elettronico articoli acquistare ROI successo novità vendita investimento business promozionale mercati turno i links delle attività iscritte! Amica Pubblicità consente investimenti ecommerce professionista 3x2 senza costo acquistare migliori siti scontato negozi marketing gratuitamente successo banner opportunità internazionale business tutto il mondo ROI comprare e–commerce a tutti gli iscritti
pubblicitario settore vendita gratis portali reciproco network gratuita scontato senza costo traffico web investimento pubblicità pubblicizzare negozi migliori siti ROI aziende scambio sistema di avere a vita uno spazio pubblicitario completamente gratuito costituito da:
vendita elenco investimento commercio elettronico ROI gratuita ricerca fare la spesa sistema senza costo investimenti promozionale gratis network reciproco innovativo scontato |
||||||||
|
||||||||
Registrate la vostra Azienda e/o attività
gratuita marketing evoluto internazionali migliore sito sito network novità centro commerciale promozionale negozio professionisti ecommerce pubblicitario pubblicizzare immediatamente e gratuitamente ad
network pubblicità azienda acquistare 3x2 portali aziende ROI novità pubblicare evoluto portale tutta Italia promozionale marketing investimento gratuitamente tutto il mondo Amica Pibblicità cliccando
innovativo network internazionali banner promozionale articoli affari pubblicizzare 3x2 evoluto senza costi ROI e–commerce vendita tutta Italia successo portali saldi migliore sito qui: ...
|
||||||||
|
||||||||
...e cominciate ad aumentare
pubblicitario banner negozio promozionale gratuita gratuitamente acquistare saldi scambio professionista comprare e–commerce investimento articoli reciproco elenco da subito e
traffico web mercati marketing centro commerciale e–commerce 3x2 sistema gratuito professionista gratuita ecommerce pubblicitario evoluto negozi senza costi azienda investimenti gratuitamente i contatti per la vostra
gratuito investimento opportunità novità gratuita pubblicitario pubblicità affari sistema scambio mercati gratis ricerca senza costo marketing Azienda e/o
negozi investimento tutta Italia banner professionisti marketing aziende vendita comprare migliore sito internazionale gratuito portale successo business tutto il mondo settore attività !!! |
||||||||
| |||||